日间手术模式对医疗费用控制的作用机制研究

目的:研究日间手术模式在控制医疗费用方面的机制特点。方法:将2018年度出院的854例单病种患者,分为日间组(818例)和非日间组(36例),比较两组在肿块大小、年龄、住址、住院日、住院费用结构、实际费用消耗等方面的差异。结果:在年龄、住院日、住院费用方面,日间组明显低于非日间组。加上门诊相关费用后,日间组和非日间组在实际费用消耗方面差异不显著。结论:日间手术开展依赖于微创技术的发展。日间手术模式能够降低与住院日密切相关的床位费、护理费、药费等费用,但由于高值耗材的使用,同时也抬升了卫生材料费用。日间手术能够有效降低患者隐形社会成本支出。推行日间手术需要兼顾医师的工作积极性。推广日间手术与医保费用管控并不矛盾。     

The impact of program-driven wellness initiatives on burnout and depression among surgical trainees

BackgroundThe prevalence of burnout and depression are high among surgical trainees. This study examined the impact of program-driven initiatives to improve surgical trainee wellness.MethodsA survey was administered to residents and fellows at all surgical training programs across an urban academic health system. The survey measured burnout, depressive symptoms, and perceptions of program-driven wellness initiatives.ResultsThe response rate was 44% among 369 residents. Of these, 63.2% screened positively for burnout, and 36.7% for depression. Residents who were burned out were more likely to work >80 h per week, have greater clerical duties, and miss educational activities more frequently. Conversely, having opportunities for wellness activities, dedicated faculty and housestaff wellness champions, and assistance with clerical burden were all associated with lower rates of burnout and depression.ConclusionThe presence of wellness support was associated with better outcomes, suggesting the value of initiatives to manage workload and support the well-being of surgical resident physicians.     

我国近代“西医东渐”研究的发展与热点分析

目的：分析我国期刊在“西医东渐”领域的重要研究方向及其研究热点与趋势。方法：应用文献计量学分析中国知网和万方数据收录的“西医东渐”文献,建立关键词共现矩阵，揭示领域研究热点。结果：截至检索时间，我国共发表“西医东渐”文献765篇，经历了缓慢进展、快速发展两个阶段，研究范围涉及医学史、宗教学、社会学等学科，形成了独特的研究视角以及稳定的核心作者群。结论：我国在“西医东渐”方的面研究经历了缓慢进展和快速发展两个阶段，医学史学术期刊是刊载“西医东渐”研究成果的主要刊物；引入西医后，我国的中医事业发展受到了一定影响和冲击。     

Medical populism and the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT

This paper uses the vocabulary of ‘medical populism’ to identify and analyse the political constructions of (and responses to) the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, the Philippines, and the United States from January to mid-July 2020, particularly by the countries’ heads of state: Jair Bolsonaro, Rodrigo Duterte, and Donald Trump. In all three countries, the leaders’ responses to the outbreak can be characterised by the following features: simplifying the pandemic by downplaying its impacts or touting easy solutions or treatments, spectacularizing their responses to crisis, forging divisions between the ‘people’ and dangerous ‘others’, and making medical knowledge claims to support the above. Taken together, the case studies illuminate the role of individual political actors in defining public health crises, suggesting that medical populism is not an exceptional, but a familiar response to them. This paper concludes by offering recommendations for global health in anticipating and responding to pandemics and infectious disease outbreaks.     

Formaldehyde exposure and its effects during pregnancy: Recommendations for laboratory attendance based on available data

Formalin is commonly used in fixation of cadaveric specimens. Exposure to formaldehyde, a component of formalin and a known carcinogen, during gross anatomy laboratory dissection is a continuing concern for pregnant students and instructors. Since there is little literature on this specific topic, the current review was compiled in the hope of offering recommendations to pregnant students and instructors who are engaged in human anatomical dissection where formalin is used. Relevant articles were obtained through searches of PubMed and Google Scholar for the terms “formaldehyde,” “pregnant,” “formalin,” and “exposure.” A literature search was conducted for chemical information and articles about exposure as issued by government regulatory agencies and chemical companies that produce formaldehyde. This led to the compilation of 29 articles each of which included references to previous, relevant, human research. The reviewed literature contains data strongly suggesting that pregnancy can be affected by formaldehyde exposure. Therefore, on the basis our analysis, female students who might be pregnant should avoid formaldehyde exposure, including that in a gross anatomy laboratory. Instructors should find other means of ensuring anatomical competence for these students. Clin. Anat. 28:972–979, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Mineralized Collagen: Rationale,Current Status,and Clinical Applications

This paper presents a review of the rationale for the in vitro mineralization process, preparation methods, and clinical applications of mineralized collagen. The rationale for natural mineralized collagen and the related mineralization process has been investigated for decades. Based on the understanding of natural mineralized collagen and its formation process, many attempts have been made to prepare biomimetic materials that resemble natural mineralized collagen in both composition and structure. To date, a number of bone substitute materials have been developed based on the principles of mineralized collagen, and some of them have been commercialized and approved by regulatory agencies. The clinical outcomes of mineralized collagen are of significance to advance the evaluation and improvement of related medical device products. Some representative clinical cases have been reported, and there are more clinical applications and long-term follow-ups that currently being performed by many research groups.     

面向区域医疗协同的可扩展远程医学教育系统设计与实现

在分析远程医学教育系统需求的基础上,提出构建可扩展远程医学教育系统和具体的系统架构;详细分析系统在前端、应用层、数据库层的可扩展性;以分层方式分析系统的部署模型;解释课件点播和实时交互两种培训模式的网络选型。最后说明可扩展远程医学教育系统的使用情况及社会效益。     

Using ultrasound to teach anatomy in the undergraduate medical curriculum: an evaluation of the experiences of tutors and medical students

This paper describes the experiences of staff and students at two UK medical schools, who introduced portable ultrasound (PU) as an imaging technology to deliver clinical anatomy teaching and to aid skill development in interpretation of cross-sectional anatomy (CSA). A sonographer contributed to curriculum design and teaching, but mostly anatomy tutors delivered the teaching. This case study method evaluates staff and student perspectives on the ultrasound-based anatomy teaching. Quantitative data and qualitative data were collected and analysed. Staff were positive about the experience. They described their expectations for students and solutions for practical issues regarding the teaching, but were concerned about their competency in scanning and wanted bespoke training for sonoanatomy teaching. Curriculum development was accelerated through engagement with a sonographer and an ultrasound champion. Students were extremely positive about their experience; they valued the expertise of a sonographer who taught more challenging sonoanatomy, but were equally positive regarding teaching sessions led by well-trained anatomy tutors who taught more simple sonoanatomy. Students affirmed most tutors’ expectations that ultrasound could reinforce existing anatomical knowledge, added clinical contextualisation, but not that use of ultrasound (US) assisted in interpreting CSA. Students valued the introduction to the technology and found sonoimage interpretation challenging, but not insurmountable. Students wanted more instruction on ultrasound physics, an expansion of ultrasound curriculum, with smaller groups and opportunities to scan volunteers. These data support the case for the use of PU to deliver anatomy teaching and to prime medical students for later clinical encounters with PU.     

乡镇居民对医疗联合体的期望研究

【】目的：从利益相关者角度出发,调查了解乡镇居民对医疗联合体的期望和知晓程度,为卫生行政部门推动医疗联合体改革,提供决策依据。方法：采用方便抽样的方法对贵州省大方县长石镇、百纳乡,遵义县马蹄镇、平正乡,绥阳县小关乡,桐梓县天坪乡等乡镇地区居民进行问卷调查,总共调查104人。结果：受访居民以中老年人为主;居民对医联体的了解程度较低, 72.1%的受访者表示首选就诊医院为所在地乡镇卫生院;受访者中43.3%表示转诊不方便,45.2%表示未转诊过；受访居民对医疗费用期望值最高的是“遵守收费政策,杜绝不合理收费”；对高效就医期望值最高的是“看病方便快捷”；对疗效期望值最高的是“医务人员具有较高的医疗技术和知识”、“符合诊疗规范”；对医疗服务最期望“医务人员平等对待患者”；对医疗辅助服务设施的最期望“公示收费项目与标准”。结论：进一步推进医联体改革需要加大宣传力度,加强基层建设,简化双向转诊程序,满足乡镇居民的基本医疗需求;此外树立以人为本的理念,积极建立医疗信息公开制度,有利于提高居民满意度及医联体的社会声誉和形象。